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Altruism in Biblical Texts and Philosophical and Religious Texts of China
Kříž, Martin ; Brož, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matějec, Tomáš (referee)
Altruism in Biblical Texts and Philosophical-Religious Texts of China Keywords Altruism, Old Testament, New Testament, Christianity, agape, social teaching of the church, secularism, atheism, sociobiology, Confucianism. The topic of this thesis is altruism as it is manifested in the texts of the Old and New Testaments, in the social doctrine of the Church and in Confucianism. Altruism is described as a very abstract concept that originated and came into use in a certain polemic against religious concepts, and attention is given to how further usage has blurred this polemical edge and how Christians themselves use it. The thesis compares the concept of altruism with the specific concepts of amor, eros, caritas and agape in the Christian tradition. The concept of altruism in the Western tradition of thought from Aguste Comte to contemporary sociobiologists is discussed. An excursus into Chinese culture shows an ethical system with different starting points. The social doctrine of the Church as a response to current problems and new currents of thought is presented from the late 19th century to the present.
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The Conservative Dimension of the Chinese Confucian Political Tradition in the Light of Western Conservatism
Zheng, Yinmingwei ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
This thesis examines the conservative aspects of the Chinese political tradition rooted in Confucianism and compares it to modern Western conservatism. It concludes that despite arising from very different historical and cultural contexts, Confucian conservatism and Western conservatism share three fundamental principles by emphasizing hierarchical and social order (based on social hierarchical morality), formalism (implying respect for strict political ritual and traditional institutions), and empiricism (respect for the facts and reality, accumulation of wisdom grounded in the past experiences). The importance of identifying these common traits of the Chinese and Western conservatism goes well beyond the scholarly interest in intellectual history of humanity, because the West experiences a considerable conservative revival, while traditional Chinese conservatism continues to exercise a profound impact on the politics, culture and social norms of the Chinese society today, therefore one might argue that conservative principles might provide a conceptual bridge for political dialogue between Chinese and the West. Key Words: Confucianism; Conservatism; Order; Hierarchy; Formalism; Empiricism
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Dispute over character of human nature in confuciasm
BERNAS, Jan
The bachelor thesis deals with the dispute over the character of human nature in Confucianism. The main thinkers who deal with this topic are Confucius, Mengzi, Xunzi and Zhu Xi. This work focuses on individual philosophical directions in Chinese philosophy. The most important direction is Confucianism, as the main idea of this work is based on it. Furthermore, the work characterizes the mentioned philosophers and interprets their thoughts and statements concerning human nature. Therefore, it can be said that the work aims to interpret the statements of the selected thinkers.
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The Function and Authority of Family Rituals in Vietnam during the 17-19th centuries, Manual of Family Rituals Thọ mai gia lễ
Zatloukalová, Marta ; Glomb, Vladimír (advisor) ; Slavická, Binh (referee)
Family ritual manuals were lithurgical texts whose aim was proliferation of Confucian doctrine into the daily life of Vietnamnese population. This thesis describes the environment and circumstances under which the individual manuals originated and developed, and subsequently the nature of the Vietnamese manuals themselves. The following part of the thesis analyses funeral rituals in the most common family rituals manual in Vietnam, Thọ mai gia lễ. The aim is to compare the Vietnamese text with the best known model for manuals devoted to family rituals - the Family Rituals Manual by Neoconfucian philospher Zhu Xiho, and to expose and interpret the identified differences.
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Confucian Values and the Chinese Political Tradition
Zhang, Zhe ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
Culture and politics are inseparable. How to realize the cultural factors of Chinese traditional politics and its influence and enlightenment on the contemporary era has been one of the most important issues with great concern of the academic community. Starting from Confucianism, this paper uses qualitative analysis and Marxist theory of cultural criticism to provide an in-depth interpretation of traditional Chinese politics. The main content of the paper is divided into three parts. The first part provides a systematic study of the background of the emergence of Confucian political philosophy in the pre-Qin period. Its main content covers the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the Warring States period. The second part analyzes the values of pre-Qin Confucian political philosophy. This part mainly deals with the theories of heavenly and human nature of three Confucian scholars, Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi. The third part interprets traditional Chinese politics in the context of Confucianism by focusing on the blood patriarchal culture, the social-based culture, the ethical culture, and the political culture of the sages, respectively. Through a summary of the characteristics and contradictions of traditional Chinese politics, an objective understanding of the emergence, development,...
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Feminism in China: Recent changes and new trends
Wang, Cheng ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Karásková, Ivana (referee)
Feminism is an important concept in contemporary sociology that has affected many disciplines. Without feminism, our world today would be different. Out of feminism's history in various countries, the history of feminism in China is undoubtedly one of the most unique and most tortuous. As one of the countries with the highest level of gender equality in the Mao era to women's deteriorating rights today, China's feminism has undergone a unique development. China has the largest population in the world, and its level of gender equality has a profound impact on the world's overall situation. After the failure of the national feminists who obey the government, in recent years, new feminists have begun to speak out in China. They express their needs differently from their predecessors and try to influence national policies. This article analyses the process of the Chinese feminist movement from a historical perspective and judges the reasons for the emergence of a new generation of feminists and their needs, as well as proposing possible paths and obstacles to promote equality between men and women in China. In the current situation, the attitude of the Chinese government will still determine the success of feminism. Keywords: Feminism, China, Intersectionality, Gender, Confucianism
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Male Oficial Costume in Chosŏn Period
Loheitová, Martina ; Glomb, Vladimír (advisor) ; Löwensteinová, Miriam (referee)
Throughout the history of traditional Korean clothing there have been various foreign influences, numerous reforms and changes, yet all this time it kept one distinctive feature: being an indicator of the wearer's social status and rank. This very feature was emphasized and strictly followed especially during the Chosŏn period (1392-1910). Placing emphasis on the male court clothing, this thesis pursues identifying individual attires and uniforms for the royal family and civil and military officials, who are associated with the royal court. It also depicts history of court clothing, most frequently used materials and weaving techniques in brief.
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Confucian ethical principles in managing Asian companies
Žuchová, Marcela ; Červenková, Denisa (advisor) ; Vopřada, David (referee)
Citation Confucian ethical principles in managing Asian companies: Diploma Thesis / Marcela Žuchová; supervisor: ThLic. Mgr. Denisa Červenková -- Praha, 2014. -- 86 p. Abstract The thesis "Confucian ethical principles in managing Asian companies" will present the ethical principles of Confucianism that affect the current management of Asian companies at Eastern Asia. The work will introduce with history of Confucianism, its influence on the culture in Asian countries and with some dominant elements, which over the centuries strengthen to certain ethical standards determinating the way of today's management of Chinese, Korean and partly Japanese companies. Many of these companies do operate in western countries with different cultural tradition based on Christianity. Presenting of some ethical principles in Asian management in the context of cultural traditions allows for deeper intercultural understanding. Keywords Ethics, Confucianism, Confucian Ethics, Management, Cross-Cultural Management, Cross- Cultural Psychology
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